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BIG-STATE, social-democratic Sweden

BIG-STATE, social-democratic Sweden seems an odd place to look for a free-market revolution. Yet that is what is under way in the country's schools. Reforms that came into force in 1994 allow pretty much anyone who satisfies basic standards to open a new school and take in children at the state's expense. The local municipality must pay the school what it would have spent educating each child itself-a sum of SKr48,000-70,000 ($8,000-12,000) a year, depending on the child's age and the school's location. Children must be admitted on a first-come, first-served basis-there must be no religious requirements or entrance exams. Nothing extra can be charged for, but making a profit is fine.
The reforms were controversial, especially within the Social Democratic Party, then in one of its rare spells in opposition. They would have been even more controversial had it been realised just how popular they would prove. In just 14 years the share of Swedish children educated privately has risen from a fraction of a percent to more than 10%.
At the time, it was assumed that most "free" schools would be foreign-language (English, Finnish or Estonian) or religious, or perhaps run by groups of parents in rural areas clubbing together to keep a local school alive. What no one predicted was the emergence of chains of schools. Yet that is where much of the growth in independent education has come from. Sweden's Independent Schools Association has ten members that run more than six schools, and five that run ten or more.
The biggest, Kunskapsskolan ("Knowledge Schools") opened its first six schools in 2000. Four more opened last autumn, bringing the total to 30. It now has 700 employees and teaches nearly 10,000 pupils, with an operating profit of SKr62m last year on a turnover of SKr655m.
Like IKEA, a giant Swedish furniture-maker, Kunskapsskolan gets its customers to do much of the work themselves. The vital tool, though, is not an Allen key but the Kunskapsporten ("Knowledge Portal"), a website containing the entire syllabus. Youngsters spend 15 minutes each week with a tutor, reviewing the past week's progress and agreeing on goals and a timetable for the next one. This will include classes and lectures, but also a great deal of independent or small-group study. The Kunskapsporten allows each student to work at his own level, and spend less or more time on each subject, depending on his strengths and weakness. Each subject is divided into 35 steps. Students who reach step 25 graduate with a pass; those who make it to step 30 or 35 gain, respectively, a merit or distinction.
Again like IKEA, no money is wasted on fancy surroundings. Kunskapsskolan Enskede, a school for 11- to 16-year-olds in a suburb of Stockholm, is a former office block into which classrooms, open-study spaces and two small lecture-theatres have been squeezed. It is pleasant, but basic and rather bare. It rents fields nearby for football and basketball, and, like other schools in the chain, sends pupils away to one of two specially built facilities for a week each term for home economics, woodwork and art, rather than providing costly, little-used facilities in the school.
Teachers update and add new material to the website during school holidays and get just seven weeks off each year, roughly the same as the average Swedish office worker. "We don't want teachers preparing lessons during term-time," says Per Ledin, the company's boss. "Instead we steal that preparation time, and use it so they can spend more time with students."
Many schools would be horrified to be likened to IKEA, but Mr Ledin goes one better. "We do not mind being compared to McDonald's," he says. "If we're religious about anything, it's standardisation. We tell our teachers it is more important to do things the same way than to do them well." He then broadens the analogy to hotels and airlines, which make money only if they are popular enough to maintain high occupancy rates.
One selling point that any parent of a monosyllabic teenager will appreciate is the amount of information they will receive. Each child's progress is reported each week in a logbook, and parents can follow what is being studied on the website. And the braver among them will be keen on the expectation that the children take responsibility for their own progress. "Our aim is that by the time students finish school, they can set their own learning goals," says Christian Wetell, head teacher at Kunskapsskolan Enskede. "Three or four students in each year may not manage this, but most will."
Performance monitoring is also important within the company: it tracks the performance of individual teachers to see which ones do best as personal tutors or as subject teachers. It offers bonuses to particularly successful teachers and is considering paying extra to good ones from successful schools who are willing to move to underperforming ones.
Kunskapsskolan's do-it-yourself style of education may soon be available outside its h
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BIG-STATE, social-democratic Sweden seems an odd place to look for a free-market revolution. Yet that is what is under way in the country's schools. Reforms that came into force in 1994 allow pretty much anyone who satisfies basic standards to open a new school and take in children at the state's expense. The local municipality must pay the school what it would have spent educating each child itself-a sum of SKr48,000-70,000 ($8,000-12,000) a year, depending on the child's age and the school's location. Children must be admitted on a first-come, first-served basis-there must be no religious requirements or entrance exams. Nothing extra can be charged for, but making a profit is fine.The reforms were controversial, especially within the Social Democratic Party, then in one of its rare spells in opposition. They would have been even more controversial had it been realised just how popular they would prove. In just 14 years the share of Swedish children educated privately has risen from a fraction of a percent to more than 10%.At the time, it was assumed that most "free" schools would be foreign-language (English, Finnish or Estonian) or religious, or perhaps run by groups of parents in rural areas clubbing together to keep a local school alive. What no one predicted was the emergence of chains of schools. Yet that is where much of the growth in independent education has come from. Sweden's Independent Schools Association has ten members that run more than six schools, and five that run ten or more.The biggest, Kunskapsskolan ("Knowledge Schools") opened its first six schools in 2000. Four more opened last autumn, bringing the total to 30. It now has 700 employees and teaches nearly 10,000 pupils, with an operating profit of SKr62m last year on a turnover of SKr655m.Like IKEA, a giant Swedish furniture-maker, Kunskapsskolan gets its customers to do much of the work themselves. The vital tool, though, is not an Allen key but the Kunskapsporten ("Knowledge Portal"), a website containing the entire syllabus. Youngsters spend 15 minutes each week with a tutor, reviewing the past week's progress and agreeing on goals and a timetable for the next one. This will include classes and lectures, but also a great deal of independent or small-group study. The Kunskapsporten allows each student to work at his own level, and spend less or more time on each subject, depending on his strengths and weakness. Each subject is divided into 35 steps. Students who reach step 25 graduate with a pass; those who make it to step 30 or 35 gain, respectively, a merit or distinction.Again like IKEA, no money is wasted on fancy surroundings. Kunskapsskolan Enskede, a school for 11- to 16-year-olds in a suburb of Stockholm, is a former office block into which classrooms, open-study spaces and two small lecture-theatres have been squeezed. It is pleasant, but basic and rather bare. It rents fields nearby for football and basketball, and, like other schools in the chain, sends pupils away to one of two specially built facilities for a week each term for home economics, woodwork and art, rather than providing costly, little-used facilities in the school.Teachers update and add new material to the website during school holidays and get just seven weeks off each year, roughly the same as the average Swedish office worker. "We don't want teachers preparing lessons during term-time," says Per Ledin, the company's boss. "Instead we steal that preparation time, and use it so they can spend more time with students."Many schools would be horrified to be likened to IKEA, but Mr Ledin goes one better. "We do not mind being compared to McDonald's," he says. "If we're religious about anything, it's standardisation. We tell our teachers it is more important to do things the same way than to do them well." He then broadens the analogy to hotels and airlines, which make money only if they are popular enough to maintain high occupancy rates.One selling point that any parent of a monosyllabic teenager will appreciate is the amount of information they will receive. Each child's progress is reported each week in a logbook, and parents can follow what is being studied on the website. And the braver among them will be keen on the expectation that the children take responsibility for their own progress. "Our aim is that by the time students finish school, they can set their own learning goals," says Christian Wetell, head teacher at Kunskapsskolan Enskede. "Three or four students in each year may not manage this, but most will."Performance monitoring is also important within the company: it tracks the performance of individual teachers to see which ones do best as personal tutors or as subject teachers. It offers bonuses to particularly successful teachers and is considering paying extra to good ones from successful schools who are willing to move to underperforming ones.
Kunskapsskolan's do-it-yourself style of education may soon be available outside its h
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Big-state, socialdemócratas de Suecia parece un lugar extraño para buscar una revolución de libre mercado.Pero eso es lo que está en curso en las escuelas del país.Las reformas que entraron en vigor en 1994 permiten casi a cualquiera que cumpla las normas básicas para abrir una nueva escuela y tomar a los niños a expensas del Estado.El municipio local debe pagar la escuela qué habría gastado la educación de cada niño itself-a suma de skr48000-70000 ($8000-12000) un año, dependiendo de la edad del niño y la ubicacion de la escuela.Los niños deben ser admitidos en una base de primer llegado, primer servido no debe haber requisitos religiosos o los exámenes de ingreso.Nada extra puede ser cargado, pero haciendo un beneficio está bien.Las reformas fueron controvertidas, especialmente dentro del Partido Social Democrático, entonces, en una de sus raras hechizos en la oposición.Habrían sido incluso más controvertido ha sido dado cuenta de lo popular que probar.En sólo 14 años, la proporción de niños suecos educado en privado ha aumentado de una fraccion de un por ciento a mas del 10%.En el momento, se supone que sería más "free" escuelas de idioma extranjero (inglés, finés y estonio) o religiosa, o tal vez dirigidos por grupos de padres en las zonas rurales parranda juntos para mantener una escuela local vivo.Lo que nadie predijo fue la aparición de cadenas de escuelas.Sin embargo, eso es donde mucho del crecimiento en la educación independiente ha venido de.Suecia es la Asociación de escuelas independientes ha diez miembros que correr más de seis escuelas y cinco que correr diez o más.El mayor, kunskapsskolan ("conocimiento escuelas") abrió su primera de seis escuelas en 2000.Cuatro mas abierto el pasado otoño, con lo que el total asciende a 30.Ahora tiene 700 empleados y enseña a cerca de 10.000 alumnos, con un beneficio operativo de skr62m el año pasado en un volumen de negocios de skr655m.Como IKEA, un gigante fabricante de muebles sueca, kunskapsskolan llega a sus clientes a hacer gran parte del trabajo.La herramienta vital, sin embargo, no es una llave Allen, pero la kunskapsporten ("Portal"), un sitio web que contenga la totalidad del programa de estudios.Los jóvenes pasan 15 minutos cada semana con un tutor, revisando la semana pasada es progreso y acordar objetivos y un calendario para la próxima.Esto incluye las clases y conferencias, pero tambien una gran cantidad de independientes o pequeño grupo de estudio.La kunskapsporten permite a cada estudiante a trabajar en su propio nivel, y gastar menos o más tiempo en cada tema, dependiendo de sus fortalezas y debilidades.Cada tema está dividido en 35 pasos.Los estudiantes que se gradúan con un paso a paso 25; los que lo hacen a paso 30 o 35 ganar, respectivamente, un mérito o distinción.De nuevo, como IKEA, el dinero no se pierde en un entorno de lujo.Kunskapsskolan Enskede, una escuela de 11 a 16 años en un suburbio de Estocolmo, es un antiguo bloque de oficinas en que aulas, abrir espacios de estudio y dos pequeñas salas de conferencias, han sido exprimidos.Es agradable, pero básico y bastante desnudo.Se alquila campos cerca de fútbol y baloncesto, y, al igual que otras escuelas en la cadena, envía a los alumnos a una de las dos instalaciones especialmente construidas para una semana cada término para la economía doméstica, carpintería y arte, en lugar de proporcionar instalaciones costosas, poco utilizado en la escuela.Matricula actualizar y añadir nuevo material a la web durante las vacaciones escolares y conseguir apenas siete semanas cada año, aproximadamente el mismo que el trabajador de oficina medio sueco ".No queremos que los maestros preparar lecciones durante plazo de tiempo, "dice por Ledin, la empresa es el jefe".En vez de robar ese tiempo de preparación, y utilizar para que puedan pasar más tiempo con los estudiantes ".Muchas escuelas estaría horrorizado a compararse a IKEA, pero el Sr. Ledin sale uno mejor ".No nos importa ser comparado a McDonald "s, "dice."Si somos religiosos sobre nada, es la normalización.Le decimos a nuestros maestros es más importante hacer las cosas de la misma manera que hacerlas bien ". Luego amplía la analogía a hoteles y aerolíneas, que hacer dinero sólo si están lo suficientemente popular como para mantener una alta tasa de ocupación.Un punto de venta que cualquier padre de un adolescente monosilábicos se aprecian es la cantidad de información que se recibe.El progreso de cada niño se informa cada semana en un cuaderno diario de pesca, y los padres pueden seguir lo que está siendo estudiada en el sitio web.Y el más valiente entre ellos estarán interesados en la expectativa de que los niños tomen la responsabilidad de su propio progreso ".Nuestro objetivo es que por el tiempo que los estudiantes terminen la escuela, pueden establecer sus propias metas de aprendizaje ", dice Christian bien contamosa tus, Jefe maestro en kunskapsskolan Enskede."Tres o cuatro alumnos en cada año, no puede manejar esto, pero la mayoría ".La supervisión del rendimiento es también importante dentro de la empresa: realiza el seguimiento del desempeño de los maestros individuales para ver que hacemos mejor como tutores personales o como sujeto de profesores.Ofrece bonos para particularmente exitosos profesores y está considerando la posibilidad de pagar extra para buenos de éxito que están dispuestos a trasladarse a las escuelas de bajo rendimiento.Kunskapsskolan es hacerlo tu mismo estilo de educación pueden pronto estar disponible fuera de su h
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